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Brain Immunology

• Thomas CE, Schiedner G, Kochanek S, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR."Preexisting antiadenoviral immunity is not a barrier to efficient and stable transduction of the brain, mediated by novel high-capacity adenovirus vectors." Hum Gene Ther. 2001 May 1;12(7):839-46. Click here for the PDF

• Lowenstein PR."Immunology of viral-vector-mediated gene transfer into the brain: an evolutionary and developmental perspective." Trends Immunol. 2002 Jan;23(1):23-30. Review. Click here for the PDF

• Lowenstein PR."Dendritic cells and immune responses in the central nervous system."
  Trends Immunol. 2002 Feb 1;23(2):70. Click here for the PDF

• Lowenstein PR."Virology and immunology of gene therapy, or virology and immunology of high MOI infection with defective viruses." Gene Ther. 2003 Jun;10(11):933- Click here for the PDF

• Lowenstein PR, Castro MG."Inflammation and adaptive immune responses to adenoviral vectors injected into the brain: peculiarities, mechanisms, and consequences." Gene Ther. 2003 Jun;10(11):946-54 Click here for the PDF

• Stone D, Xiong W, Williams JC, David A, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG."Nonneurotropic adenovirus: a vector for gene transfer to the brain and gene therapy of neurological disorders." Int Rev Neurobiol. 2003;55:3-64. Review Click here for the PDF

• Lowenstein PR."Immunological needles in the gene therapy haystack: applying a genetic paradigm to gene therapy." Gene Ther. 2004 Jan;11(1):1-3 Click here for the PDF

• Lowenstein PR."Input virion proteins: cryptic targets of antivector immune responses in preimmunized subjects." Mol Ther. 2004 Jun;9(6):771-4 Click here for the PDF

• Ali S, Curtin JF, Zirger JM, Xiong W, King GD, Barcia C, Liu C, Puntel M, Goverdhana S, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG."Inflammatory and anti-glioma effects of an adenovirus expressing human soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (hsFlt3L): treatment with hsFlt3L inhibits intracranial glioma progression." Mol Ther. 2004 Dec;10(6):1071-84. Click here for the PDF

• Abordo-Adesida E, Follenzi A, Barcia C, Sciascia S, Castro MG, Naldini L, Lowenstein PR."Stability of lentiviral vector-mediated transgene expression in the brain in the presence of systemic antivector immune responses." Hum Gene Ther. 2005 Jun;16(6):741-51. Click here for the PDF

• Lowenstein PR."The case for immunosuppression in clinical gene transfer." Mol Ther. 2005 Aug;12(2):185-6 Click here for the PDF

• Ali S, King GD, Curtin JF, Candolfi M, Xiong W, Liu C, Puntel M, Cheng Q, Prieto J, Ribas A, Kupiec-Weglinski J, van Rooijen N, Lassmann H, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG."Combined immunostimulation and conditional cytotoxic gene therapy provide long-term survival in a large glioma model." Cancer Res. 2005 Aug 15;65(16):7194-204. Click here for the PDF

• Curtin JF, King GD, Candolfi M, Greeno RB, Kroeger KM, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG."Combining cytotoxic and immune-mediated gene therapy to treat brain tumors." Curr Top Med Chem. 2005;5(12):1151-70. Review. Click here for the PDF

• Xiong W, Goverdhana S, Sciascia SA, Candolfi M, Zirger JM, Barcia C, Curtin JF, King GD, Jaita G, Liu C, Kroeger K, Agadjanian H, Medina-Kauwe L, Palmer D, Ng P, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG."Regulatable gutless adenovirus vectors sustain inducible transgene expression in the brain in the presence of an immune response against adenoviruses." J Virol. 2006 Jan;80(1):27-37. Click here for the PDF

• Curtin JF, King GD, Barcia C, Liu C, Hubert FX, Guillonneau C, Josien R, Anegon I, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG."Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand recruits plasmacytoid dendritic cells to the brain." J Immunol. 2006 Mar 15;176(6):3566-77. Click here for the PDF

• Candolfi M, Kroeger K, Pluhar GE, Liu C, Barcia C, Bergeron J, Puntel M, Curtin JF, McNiel EA, Freese AB, Ohlfest JR, Moore PF, Kuoy W, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG, (2007) Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer into the canine brain in vivo. Neurosurgery; 60(1):167-77 Click here for the PDF

• Barcia C, Thomas CE, Xiong W, Williams J, Ackroyd M, Boyer O, Klatzmann D, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR, (2006) In Vivo mature effector immunological synapses forming SMAC mediate clearance of virally infected astrocytes from the brain. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 203(9):2095-107. Click here for the PDF

• Zirger JM, Liu C, Barcia C, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR (2006) Immune regulation of transgene expression in the brain: B cells regulate an early phase of elimination of transgene expression from adenoviral vectors. Viral Immunology, 19(3):508-17. Click here for the PDF

• Zirger, J.M., Barcia, C., Liu, C., Puntel, M., Michell, N., Campbell, I., Castro, MG., Lowenstein, P.R. (2006) Rapid upregulation of IFN-regulated and chemokine-mRNAs upon injection of 1 x 108 iu, but not lower doses of adenoviral vectors into the brain. The Journal of Virology 80:5644-5659. Click here for the PDF

• Candolfi M, Pluhar GE, Kroeger K, Puntel M, Curtin J, Barcia C, Muhammad AK, Xiong W, Liu C, Mondkar S, Kuoy W, Kang T, McNeil EA, Freese AB, Ohlfest JR, Moore P, Palmer D, Ng P, Young JD, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Optimization of adenoviral vector-mediated transgene expression in the canine brain in vivo, and in canine glioma cells in vitro. Neuro Oncol. 2007 Jul;9(3):245-58. Click here for the PDF

• Gwendalyn D. King, AKM Ghulam Muhammad, James F. Curtin, Carlos Barcia, Mariana Puntel, Chunyan Liu, Sarah B. Honig, Marianela Candolfi, Sonali Mondkar, Pedro R. Lowenstein, Maria G. Castro. "Flt3L and TK gene therapy eradicate multifocal glioma in a syngeneic glioblastoma model" Neuro Oncol. 2007 Dec 13

• Barcia C, Jimenez-Dalmaroni M, Kroeger KM, Puntel M, Rapaport AJ, Larocque D, King GD, Johnson SA, Liu C, Xiong W, Candolfi M, Mondkar S, Ng P, Palmer D, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. One-year Expression From High-capacity Adenoviral Vectors in the Brains of Animals With Pre-existing Anti-adenoviral Immunity: Clinical Implications. One-year Expression From High-capacity Adenoviral Vectors in the Brains of Animals With Pre-existing Anti-adenoviral Immunity: Clinical Implications.
  Mol Ther. 2007 Dec;15(12):2154-2163. Click here for the PDF

• Lowenstein PR, Kroeger K, Castro MG. Immunology of neurological gene therapy: how T cells modulate viral vector-mediated therapeutic transgene expression through immunological synapses. Neurotherapeutics. 2007 Oct;4(4):715-24. Review. Click here for the PDF

• Lowenstein PR, Mandel RJ, Xiong WD, Kroeger K, Castro MG. Immune Responses to Adenovirus and Adeno-Associated Vectors Used for Gene Therapy of Brain Diseases: The Role of Immunological Synapses in Understanding the Cell Biology of Neuroimmune Interactions. Curr Gene Ther. 2007 Oct;7(5):347-360. Click here for the PDF

• King GD, Muhammad AK, Curtin JF, Barcia C, Puntel M, Liu C, Honig SB, Candolfi M, Mondkar S, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Flt3L and TK gene therapy eradicate multifocal glioma in a syngeneic glioblastoma model. Neuro Oncol. 2007 Dec 13

• Barcia C, Gerdes C, Xiong WD, Thomas CE, Liu C, Kroeger KM, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. Immunological thresholds in neurological gene therapy: highly efficient elimination of transduced cells might be related to the specific formation of immunological synapses between T cells and virus-infected brain cells. Neuron Glia Biol. 2007 Jul 13;(2):309-322. Click here for the PDF

• Xiong W, Candolfi M, Kroeger KM, Puntel M, Mondkar S, Larocque D, Liu C, Curtin JF, Palmer D, Ng P, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Immunization Against the Transgene but not the TetON Switch Reduces Expression From Gutless Adenoviral Vectors in the Brain. Mol Ther. 2008 Feb;16(2):343-351. Click here for the PDF

• Barcia Carlos, Kolja Wawrowsky, Robert J. Barrett, Chunyan Liu, Maria G. Castro,
  and Pedro R. Lowenstein. In Vivo Polarization of IFN-
  at Kupfer and Non-Kupfer Immunological Synapses during the Clearance of Virally Infected Brain Cells.
  The Journal of Immunology 2008 Feb 1;180(3):1344-1352. Click here for the PDF

• Barcia, C., N. S. R. Sanderson, R. J. Barrett, K. Wawrowsky, K. M. Kroeger, M. Puntel, C. Liu, M. G. Castro, and P. R. Lowenstein. 2008. T cells' immunological synapses induce polarization of brain astrocytes in vivo and in vitro: a novel astrocyte response mechanism to cellular injury. PLoS ONE Click here for the PDF

• Barcia C, Wawrowsky K, Barrett RJ, Liu C, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. In vivo polarization of IFN-gamma at Kupfer and non-Kupfer immunological synapses during the clearance of virally infected brain cells.J Immunol. 2008 Feb 1;180(3):1344-52 Click here for the PDF

• King GD, Kroeger KM, Bresee CJ, Candolfi M, Liu C, Manalo CM, Muhammad AK, Pechnick RN, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Flt3L in combination with HSV1-TK-mediated gene therapy reverses brain tumor-induced behavioral deficits. Mol Ther. 2008 Apr;16(4):682-90. Epub 2008 Feb 19. Click here for the PDF

• King GD, Muhammad AK, Xiong W, Kroeger KM, Puntel M, Larocque D, Palmer D, Ng P, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. High-capacity adenovirus vector-mediated anti-glioma gene therapy in the presence of systemic antiadenovirus immunity. J Virol. 2008 May;82(9):4680-4. Epub 2008 Feb 20. Click here for the PDF

• Curtin JF, Candolfi M, Fakhouri TM, Liu C, Alden A, Edwards M, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Treg depletion inhibits efficacy of cancer immunotherapy: implications for clinical trials. PLoS ONE. 2008 Apr 23;3(4):e1983. Click here for the PDF